In order to prepare for the reawakening of ancient diseases, scientists need to build on our current knowledge and try to understand more about the pandoraviruses.

Researchers have identified three potential ways to do this: exploring more samples of ancient permafrost sediment using laboratories and imaging techniques; applying mathematical models and computer simulations to gain a better understanding of virus behavior across different temperatures, climates, and species; and creating tools that allow us to monitor these viruses in the environment.

Ultimately, with further research and development we can develop effective strategies to best protect humans from threats like the pandoraviruses.

Permafrost is a layer of permanently frozen soil in the Arctic. As it starts to thaw due to global warming, long-forgotten diseases that have been frozen since before recorded history are beginning to become active again.

In 2013, scientists discovered a family of mysterious viruses known as pandoraviruses in permafrost sediment in Siberia, prompting concerns about what further pathogens may be revived from the melting ice.

The risk posed by these ancient viruses is heightened because little is known about them, making it difficult for scientists and health professionals to anticipate their behavior and prepare for potential outbreaks.